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首頁 > 技術與支持 > 凱茂差壓變送器用于正壓側露,測量值偏高還是偏低呢
凱茂差壓變送器用于正壓側露,測量值偏高還是偏低呢
點擊次數:306 更新時間:2023-03-28

凱茂差壓變(bian)送器用于正壓側露,測量值偏高(gao)還是(shi)偏低呢

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東莞天(tian)驥自動(dong)化(hua)設備(bei)有(you)限(xian)公(gong)司(si)(si)(si)是一(yi)(yi)家集研發(fa)、工程、銷售、技術(shu)服(fu)務(wu)于一(yi)(yi)體(ti)的(de)(de)現代化(hua)企業,是國(guo)內(nei)自動(dong)化(hua)領域(yu)競爭力的(de)(de)設備(bei)供(gong)應商。公(gong)司(si)(si)(si)主要經營歐美和日韓 等發(fa)達國(guo)家的(de)(de)機電一(yi)(yi)體(ti)化(hua)設備(bei)、高(gao)精(jing)度分(fen)析檢測儀器(qi)、環境與新能源工業設備(bei)及電動(dong)工具(ju)等工控自動(dong)化(hua)產(chan)品。 憑借專業*的(de)(de)技術(shu)與商務(wu)團隊(dui), 公(gong)司(si)(si)(si)在(zai)為客戶帶來優質產(chan)品的(de)(de)同(tong)時還可提(ti)(ti)供(gong)自動(dong)化(hua)工程技術(shu)服(fu)務(wu)及成套解決方案。我(wo)司(si)(si)(si)NK TECHNOLOGIES直接(jie)通過國(guo)外廠(chang)家拿貨,可提(ti)(ti)供(gong)報關單且貨期又短。假如您要提(ti)(ti)供(gong)原產(chan)地證明也行(xing)。但是當(dang)地國(guo)產(chan)政府需要收取一(yi)(yi)定費用(yong)。請知(zhi)曉!我(wo) 司(si)(si)(si)位于東莞街道塹頭(tou)新橋(qiao)街1號(hao)裕光產(chan)業園18棟505,歡迎新老用(yong)戶上門(men)洽談并上門(men)考察。我(wo)司(si)(si)(si)會認真(zhen)對待每一(yi)(yi)位用(yong)戶。

差壓變送(song)器所測(ce)得的差壓是正(zheng)壓側(ce)減(jian)去負(fu)壓側(ce)的差值。

如果(guo)變送器(qi)的正壓側發生泄流,所測(ce)得(de)的差壓就偏(pian)低(di);

如(ru)果變送器的負壓(ya)側發生泄流,所測得的差壓(ya)就偏高。

對于微(wei)差(cha)壓(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)變(bian)送(song)(song)器,在(zai)(zai)安(an)(an)(an)裝(zhuang)要引起重視,變(bian)送(song)(song)器的(de)(de)安(an)(an)(an)裝(zhuang)不得有(you)左右傾(qing)斜的(de)(de)現象。由于現在(zai)(zai)的(de)(de)差(cha)壓(ya)(ya)變(bian)送(song)(song)器都是用(yong)硅油(you)(you)作壓(ya)(ya)力(li)傳遞介質,而硅油(you)(you)的(de)(de)密度較高,一旦(dan)發生微(wei)差(cha)壓(ya)(ya)變(bian)送(song)(song)器在(zai)(zai)安(an)(an)(an)裝(zhuang)不是非常水平的(de)(de)平衡,微(wei)差(cha)壓(ya)(ya)變(bian)送(song)(song)器在(zai)(zai)沒(mei)有(you)任何檢(jian)測壓(ya)(ya)力(li)輸入的(de)(de)情況(kuang)下(xia)(xia)也(ye)會有(you)輸出(chu),這是微(wei)差(cha)壓(ya)(ya)變(bian)送(song)(song)器中硅油(you)(you)的(de)(de)液柱差(cha)所造成的(de)(de)。因此,安(an)(an)(an)裝(zhuang)后在(zai)(zai)通電且沒(mei)有(you)任何壓(ya)(ya)力(li)輸入的(de)(de)情況(kuang)下(xia)(xia),矯正微(wei)差(cha)壓(ya)(ya)變(bian)送(song)(song)器的(de)(de)安(an)(an)(an)裝(zhuang)位置(zhi),使其輸出(chu)為(wei)零,即輸出(chu)4mA時為(wei)準(zhun)。另外,采(cai)樣的(de)(de)導壓(ya)(ya)管長度,坡度等均(jun)要相等。

變(bian)(bian)送(song)(song)器(qi)(qi)的(de)種類很多,用在工控儀表上面的(de)變(bian)(bian)送(song)(song)器(qi)(qi)主要有溫(wen)度變(bian)(bian)送(song)(song)器(qi)(qi),壓力變(bian)(bian)送(song)(song)器(qi)(qi),流(liu)量變(bian)(bian)送(song)(song)器(qi)(qi),電(dian)流(liu)變(bian)(bian)送(song)(song)器(qi)(qi),電(dian)壓變(bian)(bian)送(song)(song)器(qi)(qi)等等。

變送(song)(song)器(qi)(qi)在儀器(qi)(qi)、儀表和工業(ye)自動化領域中(zhong)起著(zhu)舉足輕重的(de)作(zuo)用。與傳感器(qi)(qi)不同,變送(song)(song)器(qi)(qi)除了能將非電量轉換成可(ke)測(ce)量的(de)電量外,一般還具有一定(ding)的(de)放大作(zuo)用。

壓力變送器:

壓(ya)力(li)變(bian)送器也(ye)稱差變(bian)送器,主要由測(ce)壓(ya)元件傳感器、模塊(kuai)電路、顯示表頭(tou)、表殼和過(guo)程連接(jie)件等(deng)組成。它能(neng)將接(jie)收(shou)的(de)氣體(ti)(ti)、液(ye)體(ti)(ti)等(deng)壓(ya)力(li)信號轉變(bian)成標準的(de)電流電壓(ya)信號,以供給指示報警儀、記錄儀、調節器等(deng)二次(ci)儀表進行測(ce)量、指示和過(guo)程調節。

壓(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)變(bian)送(song)器測量原理是(shi):流程壓(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)和參考壓(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)分別作(zuo)用于(yu)集(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)硅壓(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)敏(min)感元(yuan)件(jian)的(de)兩端,其差壓(ya)(ya)使硅片(pian)變(bian)形(位移很(hen)小,僅μm級),以(yi)使硅片(pian)上用半導體技(ji)術制成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)全(quan)動態(tai)惠(hui)斯登電(dian)(dian)橋在外(wai)部電(dian)(dian)流源驅動下(xia)輸出正(zheng)比于(yu)壓(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)的(de)mV級電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)信(xin)號(hao)。由于(yu)硅材料的(de)強性(xing)佳,所以(yi)輸出信(xin)號(hao)的(de)線性(xing)度(du)及變(bian)差指標(biao)(biao)均(jun)很(hen)高。工作(zuo)時,壓(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)變(bian)送(song)器將被測物理量轉換成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)mV級的(de)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)信(xin)號(hao),并送(song)往放大倍(bei)數很(hen)高而又(you)可(ke)以(yi)互相抵消(xiao)溫(wen)度(du)漂移的(de)差動式放大器。放大后(hou)的(de)信(xin)號(hao)經電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)流轉換變(bian)換成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)相應(ying)的(de)電(dian)(dian)流信(xin)號(hao),再經過非線性(xing)校正(zheng),最后(hou)產生(sheng)與輸入壓(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)線性(xing)對應(ying)關系(xi)的(de)標(biao)(biao)準電(dian)(dian)流電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)信(xin)號(hao)。

壓(ya)力變(bian)送器根據測壓(ya)范圍可分(fen)成一般壓(ya)力變(bian)送器(0.001MPa~20MP3)和微(wei)差壓(ya)變(bian)送器(0~30kPa)兩種。

一體化溫度變送器:

一體(ti)化溫(wen)度變(bian)(bian)送(song)器(qi)一般由測(ce)溫(wen)探頭(熱電(dian)偶或熱電(dian)阻(zu)(zu)傳感器(qi))和兩(liang)線制固(gu)體(ti)電(dian)子單元組成(cheng)。采用固(gu)體(ti)模塊形(xing)式(shi)將測(ce)溫(wen)探頭直接安(an)裝在接線盒內,從而形(xing)成(cheng)一體(ti)化的(de)變(bian)(bian)送(song)器(qi)。一體(ti)化溫(wen)度變(bian)(bian)送(song)器(qi)一般分為熱電(dian)阻(zu)(zu)和熱電(dian)偶型兩(liang)種類(lei)型。

熱(re)電阻溫度(du)變送器是(shi)由基(ji)準單元(yuan)、R/V轉(zhuan)換(huan)(huan)(huan)單元(yuan)、線性(xing)電路、反接保護、限流(liu)保護、V/I轉(zhuan)換(huan)(huan)(huan)單元(yuan)等組成。測溫熱(re)電阻信號轉(zhuan)換(huan)(huan)(huan)放大后,再由線性(xing)電路對溫度(du)與(yu)電阻的非線性(xing)關系進行補償,經V/I轉(zhuan)換(huan)(huan)(huan)電路后輸出(chu)一(yi)個與(yu)被測溫度(du)成線性(xing)關系的4~20mA的恒流(liu)信號。

熱(re)(re)電(dian)(dian)偶(ou)溫度變(bian)送器(qi)(qi)一般由(you)基準源(yuan)、冷端(duan)(duan)補(bu)償、放大(da)單(dan)元(yuan)、線性化處理、V/I轉換(huan)、斷偶(ou)處理、反(fan)接(jie)保(bao)護(hu)、限流保(bao)護(hu)等電(dian)(dian)路單(dan)元(yuan)組成(cheng)。它(ta)是將熱(re)(re)電(dian)(dian)偶(ou)產生的熱(re)(re)電(dian)(dian)勢(shi)經冷端(duan)(duan)補(bu)償放大(da)后,再帽由(you)線性電(dian)(dian)路消除熱(re)(re)電(dian)(dian)勢(shi)與溫度的非線性誤差(cha),最后放大(da)轉換(huan)為4~20mA電(dian)(dian)流輸(shu)出信號。為防止熱(re)(re)電(dian)(dian)偶(ou)測(ce)量中由(you)于(yu)電(dian)(dian)偶(ou)斷絲而使控溫失(shi)效造成(cheng)事故,變(bian)送器(qi)(qi)中還設有(you)斷電(dian)(dian)保(bao)護(hu)電(dian)(dian)路。當熱(re)(re)電(dian)(dian)偶(ou)斷絲或接(jie)解不良時,變(bian)送器(qi)(qi)會輸(shu)出最大(da)值(28mA)以使儀表切斷電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)。

一體化(hua)溫(wen)度(du)變送器具有(you)結構簡(jian)單、節省引線、輸出(chu)信(xin)號大(da)、抗(kang)(kang)干擾能力強(qiang)、線性好、顯示(shi)儀表簡(jian)單、固體模塊抗(kang)(kang)震防潮、有(you)反接保(bao)護和(he)限流保(bao)護、工作可靠等優(you)點。

一(yi)體化溫度變送器的輸(shu)出(chu)為(wei)統一(yi)的4~20mA信號;可與微機(ji)系統或(huo)其它(ta)常規(gui)儀表匹(pi)配使用。也可用戶要求做成防爆型或(huo)防火型測量(liang)儀表。

液位變送器:

1、浮球式液(ye)位變送器

浮球式液位變送器由磁性浮球、測(ce)量導管、信號單(dan)元、電子單(dan)元、接(jie)線盒及安裝件(jian)組成。

一般磁性浮(fu)球的比(bi)(bi)重小(xiao)于(yu)0.5,可漂于(yu)液面之上(shang)并沿測(ce)量導(dao)管上(shang)下(xia)移動(dong)。導(dao)管內(nei)裝(zhuang)有(you)測(ce)量元(yuan)件,它(ta)可以在外(wai)磁作用下(xia)將(jiang)被測(ce)液位信號轉換成(cheng)正(zheng)比(bi)(bi)于(yu)液位變化的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻信號,并將(jiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)單元(yuan)轉換成(cheng)4~20mA或其它(ta)標準信號輸(shu)出(chu)。該變送器為(wei)模塊電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路,具有(you)耐酸、防(fang)潮、防(fang)震(zhen)、防(fang)腐(fu)蝕等優點(dian),電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路內(nei)部含有(you)恒流反(fan)饋電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路和內(nei)保護電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路,可使輸(shu)出(chu)最大電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流不超過28mA,因而能夠可靠地保護電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源并使二次(ci)儀表不被損壞。

2、浮簡式液位變送(song)器(qi)

浮(fu)筒式液位(wei)變送器是(shi)(shi)將(jiang)磁(ci)性浮(fu)球改為浮(fu)筒,它是(shi)(shi)根(gen)據阿基米德(de)浮(fu)力原理(li)設(she)計的(de)(de)。浮(fu)筒式液位(wei)變送器是(shi)(shi)利用微小的(de)(de)金屬(shu)膜應(ying)變傳感技術來(lai)(lai)測量液體的(de)(de)液位(wei)、界(jie)位(wei)或密(mi)度的(de)(de)。它在工作時可以通過現場按(an)鍵來(lai)(lai)進行常規的(de)(de)設(she)定操作

3、靜壓或液(ye)位變送器

該變送(song)器利用液(ye)體靜壓力的測(ce)量原理工作。它一般選用硅壓力測(ce)壓傳感器將(jiang)測(ce)量到的壓力轉換成電信號,再經放大電路(lu)放大和(he)補償電路(lu)補償,最后以4~20mA或0~10mA電流方式輸出。

電容式物位變送器:

電(dian)容式物(wu)位變送器適用于工業企(qi)業在生產(chan)過程中(zhong)進行測(ce)量(liang)和控制生產(chan)過程,主要用作類導(dao)電(dian)與非導(dao)電(dian)介質的液(ye)體(ti)液(ye)位或粉粒狀固體(ti)料位的遠(yuan)距離連續(xu)測(ce)量(liang)和指示(shi)。

電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)式液位變(bian)(bian)送器由(you)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)式傳(chuan)感器與電(dian)(dian)(dian)子模塊電(dian)(dian)(dian)路組成,它以兩線(xian)制(zhi)4~20mA恒定電(dian)(dian)(dian)流輸出(chu)(chu)為基(ji)型,經過轉換(huan),可以用三線(xian)或四(si)線(xian)方式輸出(chu)(chu),輸出(chu)(chu)信(xin)號(hao)形成為1~5V、0~5V、0~10mA等標準信(xin)號(hao)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)傳(chuan)感器由(you)絕(jue)緣電(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)和裝有(you)測(ce)量介(jie)質的(de)圓柱形金屬容(rong)器組成。當料位上升時,因非導電(dian)(dian)(dian)物(wu)料的(de)介(jie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)常數明顯小于空(kong)氣的(de)介(jie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)常數,所以電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)量隨著物(wu)料高度(du)(du)的(de)變(bian)(bian)化而變(bian)(bian)化。變(bian)(bian)送器的(de)模塊電(dian)(dian)(dian)路由(you)基(ji)準源、脈寬(kuan)調制(zhi)、轉換(huan)、恒流放大、反饋和限(xian)流等單元組成。采用脈寬(kuan)調特(te)原(yuan)理進行測(ce)量的(de)優(you)點是頻率較低,對周圍元射頻干擾(rao)、穩(wen)定性(xing)好(hao)、線(xian)性(xing)好(hao)、無明顯溫度(du)(du)漂(piao)移等。

超聲波變送器:

超(chao)聲(sheng)波變(bian)(bian)送器分(fen)為一般(ban)超(chao)聲(sheng)波變(bian)(bian)送器(無(wu)表頭)和一體(ti)化(hua)超(chao)聲(sheng)波變(bian)(bian)送器兩(liang)類,一體(ti)化(hua)超(chao)聲(sheng)波變(bian)(bian)送器較為常用。

一(yi)體化超(chao)聲波變(bian)更新器由表頭(如LCD顯示器)和(he)探頭兩部分組成,這(zhe)種直接輸出4~20mA信(xin)號的變(bian)送(song)器是將(jiang)小(xiao)型化的敏感元件(探頭)和(he)電子電路組裝在一(yi)起,從而使(shi)體積更小(xiao)、重量(liang)更輕、價格更便宜(yi)。超(chao)聲波變(bian)送(song)器可(ke)用于液位。物位的測量(liang)和(he)開渠(qu)、明渠(qu)等流量(liang)測量(liang),并可(ke)用于測量(liang)距離(li)。

銻電極酸度變送器:

銻(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)電(dian)(dian)極酸度(du)(du)變送器是(shi)集(ji)PH檢測(ce)、自動清洗、電(dian)(dian)信號轉換為一體的工業在(zai)線分(fen)析儀表,它是(shi)由銻(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)電(dian)(dian)極與(yu)參考(kao)電(dian)(dian)極組(zu)成的PH值(zhi)測(ce)量系統。在(zai)被測(ce)酸性溶液中,由于銻(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)電(dian)(dian)極表面會生成三(san)氧化(hua)二(er)(er)銻(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)氧化(hua)層,這樣在(zai)金(jin)屬銻(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)面與(yu)三(san)氧化(hua)二(er)(er)銻(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)之間(jian)會形(xing)成電(dian)(dian)位(wei)差。該(gai)電(dian)(dian)位(wei)差的大小(xiao)取決于三(san)所氧化(hua)二(er)(er)銻(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)的濃(nong)度(du)(du),該(gai)濃(nong)度(du)(du)與(yu)被測(ce)酸性溶液中氫離子的適度(du)(du)相對(dui)應。如果把銻(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)、三(san)氧化(hua)二(er)(er)銻(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)和水溶液的適度(du)(du)都當(dang)作1,其電(dian)(dian)極電(dian)(dian)位(wei)就可(ke)用能(neng)斯特公式計算出來。

銻(ti)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極酸度(du)變(bian)送器(qi)(qi)中(zhong)的(de)(de)固體模塊電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路由兩大(da)部分組成(cheng)。為(wei)了(le)現場作用的(de)(de)安全(quan)起見,電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)部分采用交流24V為(wei)二次儀表供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。這一電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)除為(wei)清洗電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)提供驅(qu)動電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)外,還應(ying)通過電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流轉換單元轉換成(cheng)相應(ying)的(de)(de)直流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓,以供變(bian)送電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路使(shi)用。第二部分是測量變(bian)送器(qi)(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路,它(ta)把來自傳感器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)基準信(xin)號和PH酸度(du)信(xin)號經放大(da)后送給斜率調整和定位調整電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路,以使(shi)信(xin)號內阻(zu)降低并可調節。將放大(da)后的(de)(de)PH信(xin)號與溫度(du)被償

信號進行迭加后(hou)再(zai)差(cha)進轉換(huan)電(dian)路,最后(hou)輸出與PH值相對應的4~20mA恒(heng)流電(dian)流信號給二次儀(yi)表以完成顯示并控制PH值。

酸、堿、鹽濃度變送(song)器:

酸、堿、鹽濃度(du)變送器通過(guo)測(ce)(ce)量溶液(ye)電導值來確(que)定(ding)濃度(du)。它可以在(zai)線連續檢測(ce)(ce)工業過(guo)程中酸、堿、鹽在(zai)水溶液(ye)中的濃度(du)含(han)量。這種變送器主(zhu)要(yao)應用于鍋爐給水處理(li)、化工溶液(ye)的配制以及環保等工業生產過(guo)程。

酸(suan)、堿、鹽濃度(du)(du)變(bian)送器的(de)工(gong)作原理是(shi):在一(yi)定(ding)的(de)范圍(wei)內,酸(suan)堿溶(rong)液(ye)(ye)的(de)濃度(du)(du)與其電(dian)(dian)導率的(de)大(da)小(xiao)成(cheng)比例(li)。因而,只(zhi)要測(ce)出(chu)溶(rong)液(ye)(ye)電(dian)(dian)導率的(de)大(da)小(xiao)變(bian)可得知酸(suan)堿濃度(du)(du)的(de)高低。當(dang)被測(ce)溶(rong)液(ye)(ye)流(liu)(liu)入專(zhuan)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)導池時(shi),如果(guo)忽略電(dian)(dian)極(ji)極(ji)化和(he)分布電(dian)(dian)容,則可以等(deng)效(xiao)為一(yi)個純電(dian)(dian)阻。在有恒壓交(jiao)變(bian)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)流(liu)(liu)過時(shi),其輸出(chu)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)與電(dian)(dian)導率成(cheng)線性(xing)關系(xi),而電(dian)(dian)導率又與溶(rong)液(ye)(ye)中酸(suan)、堿濃度(du)(du)成(cheng)比例(li)關系(xi)。因此只(zhi)要測(ce)出(chu)溶(rong)液(ye)(ye)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu),便可算(suan)出(chu)酸(suan)、堿、鹽的(de)濃度(du)(du)。

酸、堿、鹽濃度變送器主要由電(dian)(dian)導池、電(dian)(dian)子模(mo)塊、顯示表(biao)頭和殼體組成。電(dian)(dian)子模(mo)塊電(dian)(dian)路則由激勵電(dian)(dian)源、電(dian)(dian)導池、電(dian)(dian)導放大器、相敏整流(liu)器、解調器、溫度補償(chang)、過(guo)載(zai)保護(hu)和電(dian)(dian)流(liu)轉換等單元組成。

電導變送器:

它是通過測(ce)量溶(rong)液的電(dian)導(dao)值來間接測(ce)量離子濃度的流程(cheng)儀表(biao)(一體(ti)化變送器),可(ke)在線連續(xu)檢測(ce)工業過程(cheng)中水溶(rong)液的電(dian)導(dao)率。

由于(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解質(zhi)溶(rong)液(ye)與金屬(shu)導(dao)(dao)體(ti)一樣的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的良導(dao)(dao)體(ti),因此電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)流(liu)過電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解質(zhi)溶(rong)液(ye)時必有電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻作用,且符合歐姆定律。但液(ye)體(ti)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻溫(wen)度特(te)性與金屬(shu)導(dao)(dao)體(ti)相(xiang)反(fan),具有負(fu)向溫(wen)度特(te)性。為區別于(yu)金屬(shu)導(dao)(dao)體(ti),電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解質(zhi)溶(rong)液(ye)的導(dao)(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能力用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻的倒數)或電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)率(lv)(lv)(電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻率(lv)(lv)的倒數)來表示(shi)。當兩(liang)個互相(xiang)絕緣的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極組成電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)池時,若(ruo)在(zai)(zai)其中(zhong)(zhong)間(jian)放置待(dai)測(ce)溶(rong)液(ye),并通以恒壓交(jiao)變(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu),就(jiu)形成了電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)回路。如果(guo)將電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓大小和(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極尺寸(cun)固定,則(ze)回路電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)與電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)率(lv)(lv)就(jiu)存在(zai)(zai)一定的函數關系(xi)。這(zhe)樣,測(ce)了待(dai)測(ce)溶(rong)液(ye)中(zhong)(zhong)流(liu)過的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu),就(jiu)能測(ce)出待(dai)測(ce)溶(rong)液(ye)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)率(lv)(lv)。

電導(dao)變送器的結構(gou)和(he)電路與酸、堿、鹽濃度變送器相同。

智能變送器:

智能(neng)式(shi)變送(song)器(qi)(qi)(qi)是由傳感器(qi)(qi)(qi)和(he)微(wei)處理器(qi)(qi)(qi)(微(wei)機)相結構(gou)而成的(de)。它充(chong)分利用了微(wei)處理器(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)運算和(he)存儲能(neng)力,可對傳感器(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)數(shu)據(ju)(ju)進(jin)行(xing)處理,包括(kuo)對測量信號的(de)調理(如濾(lv)波(bo)、放大(da)、A/D轉換等)、數(shu)據(ju)(ju)顯(xian)示、自動校正(zheng)和(he)自動補償等。

微處理(li)器(qi)(qi)是智能(neng)式(shi)(shi)變送器(qi)(qi)的核心。它(ta)不但可以對測量數(shu)據進行計算、存儲和數(shu)據處理(li),還可以通(tong)過反饋(kui)回路對傳(chuan)(chuan)感器(qi)(qi)進行調(diao)節,以使采(cai)集數(shu)據達到最(zui)佳(jia)。由于微處理(li)器(qi)(qi)具有(you)(you)各種軟件和硬件功(gong)能(neng),因(yin)而它(ta)可以完成傳(chuan)(chuan)統變送器(qi)(qi)難以完成的任務。所(suo)以智能(neng)式(shi)(shi)變送器(qi)(qi)降低了傳(chuan)(chuan)感器(qi)(qi)的制造難度,并在很(hen)大(da)程主上提高了傳(chuan)(chuan)感器(qi)(qi)的性能(neng)。另外,智能(neng)式(shi)(shi)變送器(qi)(qi)還具有(you)(you)以下特點:

1、具有自動補償能力,可通(tong)過軟件(jian)對傳感器的非線(xian)性、溫漂、時漂等進(jin)行自動補償;

2、可(ke)自(zi)診斷(duan),通電后可(ke)對傳感(gan)器(qi)(qi)進行自(zi)檢,以(yi)檢查(cha)傳感(gan)器(qi)(qi)各(ge)部分是否正常,并作出判斷(duan);

3、數據(ju)處理方便(bian)準確,可根據(ju)內(nei)部程序(xu)自(zi)動(dong)處理數據(ju),如進行統計處理、去除異常數值等;

4、具有(you)雙向通信功能。微處理器不但可以接收和處理傳(chuan)感器數據,還(huan)可將信息反饋至(zhi)傳(chuan)感器,從而(er)對(dui)測量(liang)過(guo)程(cheng)進行調節和控制;

5、可進行信息存(cun)儲和(he)記(ji)憶(yi),能(neng)存(cun)儲傳(chuan)感器的特征數據、組態信息和(he)補償特性等;

6、具有數字(zi)量(liang)接口輸出功(gong)能(neng),可將(jiang)輸出的數字(zi)信號方(fang)便地和計算(suan)機或現場(chang)總(zong)線等連接。

兩線制變送器:

兩線制是(shi)指現場變送器(qi)與控制室儀表聯系(xi)僅用兩根導線,這兩根線既是(shi)電源(yuan)線,又是(shi)信號線。

兩線(xian)(xian)制與三線(xian)(xian)制(一根正(zheng)電源線(xian)(xian),兩根信號線(xian)(xian),其中一根共GND) 和四(si)線(xian)(xian)制(兩根正(zheng)負(fu)電源線(xian)(xian),兩根信號線(xian)(xian),其中一根共GND)相比,測量(liang)精度較低(di)。

熱電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)是把(ba)溫度變化(hua)轉(zhuan)換為電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)值(zhi)變化(hua)的(de)(de)一次元(yuan)件,通常(chang)需要把(ba)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)信號(hao)通過引線傳遞到計算機(ji)控制裝置(zhi)或者(zhe)其它一次儀表上。工(gong)業用熱電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)安裝在(zai)生產現場,與控制室之間(jian)存(cun)在(zai)一定的(de)(de)距離,因此熱電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)的(de)(de)引線對(dui)測量結果(guo)會有較大的(de)(de)影響。

線制的分類:

二(er)線(xian)(xian)制:在(zai)熱電阻(zu)的兩端各連接(jie)一根導(dao)線(xian)(xian)來引(yin)出電阻(zu)信(xin)號的方(fang)式叫二(er)線(xian)(xian)制:這種引(yin)線(xian)(xian)方(fang)法很簡單(dan),但由于連接(jie)導(dao)線(xian)(xian)必然存(cun)在(zai)引(yin)線(xian)(xian)電阻(zu)r,r大小(xiao)與導(dao)線(xian)(xian)的材質和長度(du)(du)的因素(su)有關,因此這種引(yin)線(xian)(xian)方(fang)式只適用于測量精度(du)(du)較(jiao)低的場(chang)合;

三(san)線(xian)制:在熱電(dian)阻的根(gen)部的一端(duan)連接一根(gen)引線(xian),另一端(duan)連接兩根(gen)引線(xian)的方(fang)式(shi)稱為三(san)線(xian)制,這種方(fang)式(shi)通常(chang)與電(dian)橋配套使用(yong),可(ke)以較好的消除引線(xian)電(dian)阻的影(ying)響,是工業過程控(kong)制中(zhong)的常(chang)用(yong)的;

四線(xian)(xian)(xian)制:在熱(re)電阻(zu)的(de)根部兩端(duan)各(ge)連接兩根導線(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)方(fang)(fang)式稱(cheng)為四線(xian)(xian)(xian)制,其(qi)中兩根引(yin)線(xian)(xian)(xian)為熱(re)電阻(zu)提供恒定電流I,把R轉換成電壓(ya)信號(hao)U,再通過(guo)另(ling)兩根引(yin)線(xian)(xian)(xian)把U引(yin)至二(er)次儀表。可見(jian)這(zhe)種(zhong)引(yin)線(xian)(xian)(xian)方(fang)(fang)式可全消除引(yin)線(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)電阻(zu)影(ying)響(xiang),主(zhu)要用于高精度的(de)溫度檢測。